
You now have the framework, as you know what types of securities to invest in, and how to diversify
your portfolio. Unfortunately, that still leaves hundreds of possible securities to invest in. How do you
select one from the other?
Simple, first get a sheet of paper and a pencil. Keep the paper with you for a few days, and just
observe the products you use yourself. Note what you eat, where you shop, what kind of shoes you
where, where you surf on the internet, what kind of pizza you order, which phone carrier you employ,
the software programs you use, the bank you frequent, your headache medicine, the car you drive,
and so forth. This comprises the most likelihood theory. If you buy it, most likely others will too.
Then after a week or so review the list, and look for companies that fit into your portfolio. If
you discover you are a conservative investor who favors high quality corporate bonds, and you drive
an Explorer, consider an investment in Ford bonds.
Also, take a look at our sample portfolios. They are a great way to
see if your portfolio has covered all of the necessary asset classes. Plus you can compare your
return to ours.
Advantageous for their flexibility, buying individual stocks and bonds presents the most attractive
option. However, if you are starting with limited capital, mutual funds may be the only way to go.
With this in mind be sure to look for the following things in a mutual fund:
- No load funds are always superior to loaded funds! The load is simply a sales fee. If you do your own research, why pay a salesman?
- Look for index funds.
- Look for funds that have established track records and managers. Do not let a new manager experiment with your money.
- Look for hidden fees above the management fee and expenses (i.e. read the prospectus).
A relatively new class of securities, the exchange traded fund (ETF), has provided the indexing
investor
with a tremendous new opportunity. These funds trade like stocks, allowing you to buy and
sell shares of the fund as you would with a normal stock, while at the same time allowing the
individual investor with limited funds to buy the indexes. The new
ishares family provide
"stocks" that track numerous indexes, including not only the popular S&P 500 and the Dow Jones
Industrial Average, but also less well known indexes, such as the Lehman Aggregate Bond Index. Additionally,
ishares also has index "stocks" that track foreign markets, both developed and emerging. As these funds
use the indexing approach the expenses associated with these funds are considerably lower than
most mutual funds. The breath of the issues offered allows any investor, whether they
have large portfolio and an aggressive risk level or a few hundred dollars and a conservative style,
to create a diversified indexed portfolio.
A key resource at LearningToInvest.com are the sample portfolios, which provide a model to look at
and study.
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